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Theory X

‘We want you to think ‘outside of the box’, we need radical new ideas to boost productivity we need you to use your imaginations…and this is how we want you to do it.’

In the editorial cartoon we see a person in charge, most likely the manager, telling two associates how the company would like them to think and proceeds to hand them instructions on how to think. This is a prime example of Theory X, which is a classical management theory where managers micro-manage employees by using reward-punishment tactics, and limiting employee participation in decision-making (McGregor). This form of management views employees as lazy and unproductive, thus, the manager must micro-manage their employees to ensure work gets done. This can lead to management mistreating and abusing their employees. This form of management is used to ensure productivity, but the mistreatment of workers leads to less productivity. Classical management, like Theory X, was so mechanical and disregarded humans, thus new forms of management were created. Although, this form of management is still used today.

This reminds me about my friend who told me about his first job at a convenience store. His manager would micro-manage every little thing. His coworkers and him would dread coming into work and they hated interacting with the manager. This demonstrates that this form of management is still present today and lowers productivity.
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Laissez-faire

‘This is our manager. He prides himself on being very much hands off.’

The editorial cartoon displays a manager at a company participating in the laissez-faire style of leadership. He’s seen sitting on a couch instead of a work chair. This demonstrates his ‘hands off’ working style. Not only is the manager sitting on a couch, he is also resting his feet on a foot rest. The lady who I assume is a new hire and meeting him for the first time does not seem amused. The manager might think that his team is highly skilled and does not require guidance, thus no harm is done. Although, if the team is not highly skilled then this style of leadership is more harmful than beneficial. The lady may have dealt with leaders who were ‘hands off’ and her team was not highly skilled, leading to frustration and inefficiency.

I have not experienced this style of leadership anywhere, but my partner’s younger brother who is in primary school, complains about his substitute teacher not teaching him anything while his teacher out. When I look back at my high school days, substitute teachers did implement a laissez-faire style of teaching. Although, my friend who is a teacher says substitute teachers are supposed to teach, but most decide to implement a laissez-faire teaching style.

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The Social Construction of Gender

In the editorial cartoon above, the artifacts that each CEO is wearing communicates to others what their gender is. The CEO on the left is wearing a white shirt and most likely white slacks communicating to us that he is male. The CEO on the right is wearing a dress, a pearl necklace, and pearl earrings which communicates to us that they are female. Additionally, through the editorial cartoon we notice the social construction of gender in play. According to the reading, gender is a social construct that is learned. We can see this in the way each CEO is dressed and by the award they are given. The male CEO is given a blazer to demonstrate that they are the CEO, while the female CEO is given an apron.

From the awards that each CEO is given we can draw conclusions about the culture in which they come from. We can conclude that in their culture it is more appropriate for men to be the breadwinners, and more appropriate for women to stay at home and take care of the home.

Through the nonverbal communication of artifacts, I too communicate what my gender is. Although I’m a heterosexual woman, I sometimes wear clothes that accentuates my figure and put on makeup, but on days that I’m not feeling well or want to relax I wear baggy clothes. Gender in our culture is fluid, which I believe allows me to dress both ways without being judged because it has become a cultural norm.